International Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International Accounting - Essay Example As the first step, the fourth and seventh company law directives obliged the companies and group of companies to prepare accounts on a harmonised basis (Accounting Harmonisation). The main aim of the IASB/IASC was to overcome the international trade barriers arising out of different national laws. As Akyuz, Bulca, and Mustafa (n.d.) opine, the IASB/IASC thought that accounting harmonisation process would bring coordination in accounting procedures across the Europe and subsequently it would lead to the establishment of a single market. In order to harmonise the international accounting practices as a whole, the IASB/IASC firstly gave emphasis on the community law harmonisation. It is essential to note that a harmonisation programme at community had not been experimented until IASB/IASC did it. Forex News (2010) reflects that the accounting harmonisation process had been mainly practiced through policies which might drive member states to achieve the proposed objectives. Similarly, th e multinational companies were facing troublesome challenges to prepare coordinated financial statements at the end of the year since they might have branches across the globe and each branch would have distinct accounting practices in accordance with respective nation’s law. ... As a result of these differences in opening and closing of financial periods, IASB/IASC faced cumbersome difficulties in launching the proposed harmonization process simultaneously across the Europe. Heterogenic accounting philosophies prevailed in different countries were some other barriers which the IASB/IASC had to deal with. In the opinion of Fritz and Lammle (2003) some specific environmental factors play crucial role in moulding the accounting practices of each country and these factors vary from country to country. In most parts of Europe, professional accounting organisations did not have the authority to fix accounting standards; it was completely left to the choice of governmental authorities. Likewise, the vague interpretations and ineffective supervision of IAS/IFRS caused further problems toward the harmonisation process. They could not ensure the convergence of various interpretations of standards. It can be seen that height of IASB’s aims also adversely affecte d the effectiveness of IASC/IASB. It targeted the formulation of a single global market with common accounting practices in its premature stage and it seems to be highly challenging. Similarly, acceptance of IAS/IFRS at SEC was a major challenge to IASC/IASB. Moreover, national standard-setter, governments, and companies tried to influence the operations of IASB in order to defend their own interests. Support from IOSCO and IFAC International Organisation of Securities Commission (IOSCO) is the security regulators’ organisation that represents more than 80 countries and it works for enhancing cross border capital accumulation. Similarly, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) aims at initiating of a world-wide

Systemic paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Systemic paper review - Essay Example The performance of nurses’ in the health care system of today is mainly centered on the quality care, which is mostly measured by outcomes of patients and the organizational goals achievement. The severe shortage of nurses has caused many units to be in a mode of crisis, which as a result of patient acuity increase, expectations of nursing work and technological advancement, is intensified. Job performance in general relates to the success of an organization. It is, however, not one person simply performing his or her work well because they feel like it. Performance is the behavior of an organization. In an environment of work where there are strains by changes in the organization and constraints in finances, managers and nurse leaders would still be accountable for the organization’s success. Behaviors of nursing leadership are found to influence the ability of nurses’ to surpass the expectation of their employers in meeting the goals of the organization. Furthermore, styles of leadership that support needs of staff have reduced burnout also, by nurses’ being influenced to perceive their environment of work as, instead of overwhelming, it being a challenge. The performance of nurses’ is directly associated with the outcome of patients, and styles of nursing leadership have an impact on the goals of the organization being met (MacGregor, et al 2010). Designed systematic review collecting evidence on the relationship between the performance of nurses and leadership from the perspective of the nurses to understand leadership roles in motivation performance has been carried out. It revealed that when confidence was expressed by the nurse leaders in the ability of their subordinates to perform at a level that was high, the nurses felt their performance empowered. This was because they felt important through freely making decisions and engaging or proposing without necessarily having